Chinangwa chekutanga cheEuropean Commission chekumanikidza EU-yakafara mutero wemutero pazvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakaita semavhape, nicotine inopisa, uye mabhegi efodya zvakapatsanura vatambi vakakosha kuti ichaita zvayakada here.
Vamwe vanopikisa kuti mitero yakakwirira ichaita kuti vasvuti vasachinjira kune zvitsva, nepo zvimwe zvakawanwa netsvakurudzo zvinonzi hazvina kunyanya kukuvadza pane midzanga yemazuva ose.
Vamwe vanhu vanopokana kuti danho rakakosha, nekuti kukuvara kuchiri kukuvara, uye mutero inzira yekudzivisa vanhu, kunyanya diki, kubva pakutora zvinhu izvi zvachose.
Parizvino hapana EU-wide excise standard framework, sezvo iripo yezvakajairwa nicotine zvigadzirwa. Musika mumwe chete weEU wakakamukana zvakanyanya, nyika dziri nhengo dzichibhadharisa zvigadzirwa zvinopisa nicotine uye e-zvinwiwa pamitengo yakasiyana.
Mukuru weEU ave kuyedza kudzora indasitiri nekuisa mutero ushoma pane zvigadzirwa zvitsva. Paakabvunzwa kana Komisheni yanga ichitsvaga kunonoka kukwidza mitero yefodya pakatarisana nekuderera kwakanyanya kwe inflation kubva kuma1980s, mumiriri weEU akapindura:
"Komisheni inoburitsa pamhepo 'Liste des points prévus,' inova ratidziro yezvidzidzo zvichakurukurwa pamisangano yevhiki nevhiki yeCollege of Commissioners." Zvakadaro, iyi igwaro rekuyedza rinowanzo gadziridzwa. "
Vazhinji varevereri vehutano hweveruzhinji vanotsvaga kusimudzira mwero wepamusoro unobvira, nepo musika wechikakananda nevatsigiri vezvinogadzirwa zvitsva zvefodya vachikurudzira mutero wakaderera unobvira.
Zviri Mukati
Migumisiro yehutano husingazivikanwi
Sangano reWorld Health Organisation (WHO) pamwe neEuropean Union (EU) vakakurudzira kuti mitero yakakwira pazvikakananda uye zvigadzirwa zvitsva kuti vasashandise.
Pavakabvunzwa kana Komisheni iri kunyanya kushushikana kuti mutero mutsva ungangowedzera pazvigadzirwa zvitsva uchamanikidza vanhu kuti vadzokere kufodya, mumwe mukuru weEU akapindura, "Hatina chekutaura panguva ino."
Sekureva kwaCornel Radu-Loghin, mumiriri wezvehutano hweveruzhinji weEuropean Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP), bazi refodya riri kuedza kuvanza seri kwechikonzero chekuti nekuti mhando dzemanovel hadzina kukanganisa zvakanyanya, dzinofanirwa kubhadhariswa mitero mishoma. .
“Vanachiremba vose vakasimudzira fodya muma1950, uye makumi maviri amakore gare gare vose vakachinja; ndiani anotarisira zvichaitika mumakore 20?” "Zvichida munhu wese anobvuma kuti zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakadaro zvine njodzi zvakanyanya uye zvine gomarara […] saka hatigone kufungidzira izvi maererano nemutero," Loghin akatsanangura.
Loghin akaenderera mberi achiti zviremera zviri kutsvaga mari kunyangwe chikamu ichi chichikurudzira gakava remari yekurasikirwa.
"Makambani efodya anogara achiti ndiwo anotungamira bhajeti renyika […], zvisinei, mari yacho inobva kuvanhu vanoputa, kwete ivo," akadaro.
“Zvisinei, kana munhu akarega kuputa fodya, oshandisa mari yacho pane zvimwe zvinhu, uye mitero yacho inodzokera kubhajeti renyika iri,” vakadaro.
"Saka gakava rese iri pamusoro pekuti kana kusabhadhara mutero padanho rimwe chete rinongori zvebhizinesi nekutengeserana, uye nzira yekunyengedza hurumende kuratidza kuti dzinobatsira zvikuru."
Nzira yemitero inobva panjodzi
Naizvozvo EU inofanirwa kudzivirira "kukanganisa" kwekubhadharisa mutero kune dzimwe nzira dzisina njodzi kune dzefodya dzechinyakare, sekureva kwaDavid Sweanor, gweta rekuCanada uye purofesa paYunivhesiti yeOttawa.
"Zvakafanana nekungotaura kuti tinoda chaizvo kusiya injini dzinopisa, asi sezvo tichizorasikirwa nemitero yepeturu yatinofanira kuwana mari kubva mairi, tichabhadhara mota dzemagetsi, izvo zvinotadzisa vanhu kuchinja," akaudza EURACTIV. pedyo nekokorodzano yechishanu yeSainzi Yokuderedza Kukuvadza Kwefodya muAthens.
Sekureva kwevanotsoropodza, hurumende dzeEU dzakasungirirwa mari uye dziri kutsvaga mari nyowani mushure medambudziko redenda pamwe nekunetsana muUkraine.
"Kana tikakwidza mitengo yezvinhu zvitsva zvakanyanya, vatengi vanotanga kudzoka kubva kwavari." Mavaper mashoma aizodzokera pakuputa," akadaro Emanuele Bracco, purofesa wezvehupfumi paYunivhesiti yeVerona.
Bracco akataura kuti humbowo hwesainzi huchiri husina kusimba sezvo zvinhu izvi zviri zvitsva, asi akawedzera kuti hutano hwezvigadzirwa zvitsva hwakasiyana zvakanyanya nehwezvinogadzirwa zvefodya.
“Tine humbowo hwakasimba hwekuti midzanga mitsva iyi haina ngozi zvakanyanya,” akadaro.
Saizvozvo, Frederic de Wilde, mutungamiri wePhilip Morris International (PMI) muEuropean Union Region, akaudza EURACTIV kuti nyika zhinji dzenhengo dzakateya mutero wakasiyana, vachiziva kuti mhando dzisina utsi, kusanganisira mavhapesi nefodya inopisa, zvakasiyana nefodya.
"Uye zvine musoro kutaura navo nenzira dzakasiyana, kukurudzira vasingaregere kuenda kune zvigadzirwa zvakanaka." Kurapwa kwakasiyana kunoitawo kuti mabhizimisi aite zvinhu zvitsva uye azvipire kuchinja,” akadaro, “achiwedzera kuti kusvuta fodya kuri kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma munyika umo musiyano uyu wakaitwa.
De Wilde akataurawo nezvekuvhurika kweTobacco Excise Directive (TED), achiti zvikamu makumi masere nerimwe kubva muzana zvevakaongororwa, izvo zvinosanganisira nyanzvi nemasainzi vakatsigira mutsauko wemutero.
"Kanzuru yakapa kurudziro muna Chikumi 2020 kuti chero ongororo yefodya padanho reEU inofanirwa kutarisa mamiriro epamusoro pakati penhengo dzenhengo, vachifunga nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana uye mashandisirwo ezvigadzirwa," akadaro.
Misika mitema yave pedyo nekona
De Wilde akasimbisawo kuti mutero wakaenzana haukurudzire vanoshandisa fodya kutenga mumusika usiri pamutemo, sezvawakaita muFrance, "uko kuwedzera kwemitero kwakaunza kutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo ne30 muzana muna 2021 kusvika kunopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chekushandiswa kwese. ”
"Chirevo chazvino cheKPMG chinoratidza kuti mutero wakawandisa unokurudzira kutengeserana zvisiri pamutemo munyika dzeEurope," akadaro.
Kutevera kuwedzera kukuru kwemitero, kanenge katatu padiki peEu Commission, musika wepachivande muFrance wakakwira kusvika pa29.4 muzana muna 2021 kubva pa13.1 muzana muna 2017.
Izvi zvinotarisirwa kuguma nekurasikirwa kwe6.2 bhiriyoni mumari yemutero muna 2021, maererano neFrench nhau maakaunti, uye hurumende iri kuronga kukwidzwa kwemutero kutsva nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo.
MuEU yese, kushandiswa zvisiri pamutemo kwakakwira ne3.9 muzana, kana bhiriyoni 1.3 zvigadzirwa zvefodya, muna 2021, kunyanya kana tichienzanisa ne2.3 muzana muna 2020.
"Kudai zvigadzirwa zvefodya izvi zvakatorwa zviri pamutemo munyika dzavanocherechedzwa, imwe bhiriyoni ye10.4 yemitero ingadai yakasimudzirwa muEU," maererano neIndasitiri-yakatsigirwa neKPMG Report.
Musika usiri pamutemo wakabudawo muUkraine, uchitorera nyika mari yaidiwa kuhondo yekurwisa kurwisa kweRussia.
Musika wefodya usiri pamutemo wakadyira hurumende yeUkraine mari inosvika zviuru zana nemakumi masere zvemadhora, zvichikurudzira Mutungamiri Volodymyr Zelenskyy kuyananisira nekuvhara chirimwa chekugadzira chinosungirwa kukonzeresa kugadzirwa zvisiri pamutemo.
