Nhamo ye vaping pakati pevachiri kuyaruka iri kunyangarika nekukurumidza, uye nzvimbo yekusvuta yevakuru iri kutorwa nemhepo, muitiro unoonekwa seusina kukuvadza asi vanodzora vari kushanda siku nesikati kumisa E-fodya.
Dare redzimhosva nguva pfupi yadarika rakatsigira makambani akasiyana mukuda kwavo kutengesa chikakananda Vaping zvigadzirwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana zvichitevera kurambwa kwechikumbiro chavo neFood and Drug Administration (FDA). The kutonga neDare Rekukwidzwa reUS regumi nerimweth Circuit yakataura kuti sarudzo dzakaitwa neFDA "dzakanga dzisiri dzenhando uye dzakapokana" sezvo sangano racho harina kufunga nezvekuongorora zera pamwe nehurongwa hwekusimudzira hwakaiswa kuitira kudzivirira kubuda mukati mevadiki. Nekudaro, mukupokana kwake, Jury Robin Rosenbaum akataura kuti kuhwina kwemugadziri pasina mubvunzo ndekwenguva pfupi, sezvo FDA ichiita senge isati yagadzirira kubvumidza kutengeswa kwemhando ipi neipi zvigadzirwa zvehuputi kunze kwefodya.
Icho chimiro chinokatyamadza nekuti avo vakasiya kusvuta vakasarudza kupfuta vane a Kuda kukuru kune zvinonaka zvisiri zvefodya. Maererano neFDA pachayo rubvumo, "electronic nicotine delivery systems” (KUPEDZISIRA), simbisa tariro huru yokutsiva midzanga isingakuvadzi. Nekudaro, iyo FDA inosimbisa kushaikwa kwehumbowo hwakakwana pane pesvedzero yekunaka kwakasiyana kune vanhu vakuru vanoputa, ukuwo ichisimudza kushushikana nezve pesvedzero yemhando yeflavour mukukwezvera vechidiki kuti vapfute. Naizvozvo, kana paine mukana weFDA kuve nekutarisa kechipiri kune manyorerwo ekuremerwa kubva kune gumi nerimwe.th Denderedzwa, vanogona kuvaramba zvakare, vasingatarise maitiro ari kutorwa nevagadziri kudzivirira kushandiswa kwevashoma.
Iyo FDA ndiyo zvinopesana kubvumidza kutengeswa kwemhando dzakasiyana siyana sezvo iri kunetsekana nezve dambudziko yevaping pakati pevechiri kuyaruka. Zvakangodaro, tsvagiridzo yakaitwa neMonitoring the Ramangwana (MTF), uye ichitsigirwa nehurumende inoratidza kuti kukwira kwehuwandu hwekushandisa e-fodya pakati pevechiri kuyaruka kwakakwezva kutarisa kweFDA muna 2018 na 2018 kuri kudonha zvine hungwaru, kunyangwe iyo yasara flavour ENDS iri. zvichiri kuwanikwa nevanhu vakuru sezvo FDA ichiri kusvika pamhedzisiro yekuti ingavabvumidza here kana kuti haina kumanikidza matanho anopesana navo. Iyo data zvakare yakaratidza kuti kuputa pakati pevechiri kuyaruka kwakaramba kuchidzikira mushure mekuwedzera kukurumbira kwevaping. Ndiyo nyaya imwe chete pakati pevechidiki: nekukwira kwa2021 muvaping pakati pevane makore 19-30, kuputa fodya kwakanyora mwero wakaderera.
Maonero anoita zvinhu chiratidzo chekuti tiri kupupurira chaizvo rudzi rwekuderedza njodzi dzimwe nzira dzinotendwa kuti FDA iri kutarisira. Iyo data ingangodaro inopesana nepfungwa yekuti kuvepo kweENDS kwakakonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekuputa. Nekudaro, Mutongi Rosenbaum, anoita seano tsigira pfungwa yekuti FDA inopikisa ENDS ine flavourite ENDS ine nzvimbo yakakwana, anoti vaping yakaratidzwa kuva mavambo ekuputa fodya yenguva dzose. Haatauri nezvehumbowo hunotsigira manzwiro ake, ayo anoita seasingagamuchirwe nekuda kwekudonha kwakadzikama kwevachiri kuyaruka uye kuputa fodya.
Ongororo yeMTF inoitwa gore rega rega neveYunivhesiti yeMichigan vaongorori neruremekedzo rweNational Institute on Drug Abuse, inotarisira yechisere, gumi.th, uye 12th-vadzidzi vegiredhi. Zvakawanikwa muna 2021 zvinoratidza kuti mumagiredhi ese matatu, kuwanda kwemhepo ichangoburwa nicotine vaping. yadonha zvakanyanya.
Chikamu ichi chakakwira kusvika pa10.5 muna 2020 pavadzidzi vegiredhi rechisere ndokuzodzika kusvika pa7.6% gore rapfuura. Muna 2019 chiyero che19.9% uye 25.5% chakanyorwa pakati peavo vari gumi.th uye magiredhi gumi nemaviri zvichiteerana, uye pakazosvika gore rapfuura, mwero wakadzikira kusvika pa12% ne13.1%, zvichiteerana. Munguva ya19.6 na2019, kuwanda kwemazuva ese kwakadzikira kusvika pa2021% kubva pa1.1% pakati pevadzidzi vari mugiredhi rechisere, kubva pa2% kusvika 6.8% pakati pevadzidzi vane gumi.th giredhi, uye kubva pa11.6% kusvika pa5.4 pakati peavo vari mu12th giredhi.
Migumisiro yacho inonyanya kuenderana zvakawanikwa kubva kuCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yakatsigira National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS). Zvinoenderana neongororo iyi, chiitiko chevadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari vanoshandisa e-fodya mumwedzi wapfuura chakakwira pa27.5% muna 2019 isati yadzika kusvika 11.3% muna 2021. Vakuru vanogona vachiri kutenga ENDS muhuwandu hwekunaka, asi "denda" CDC neFDA vashora zvinoita kunge zviri kukurumidza kufa.
Hapana chidzidzo chinopa humbowo hwe "gedhi" iro Rosenbaum anotenda kuti ririko. Sezvineiwo, kunyangwe nekuwedzera kukuru kwevaping, maitiro ekuputa pakati pevechiri kuyaruka akaramba asina kunaka. Maererano neongororo yeMTF, kuwanda kwekuputa fodya kwemwedzi ichangopfuura pakati pevadzidzi vegiredhi rechigumi nembiri. yakaderera kusvika ku2% muna 2021 kubva ku10.3% muna 2011. Munguva imwecheteyo, chikamu chevanhu vanosvuta fodya "zuva nezuva" chakaderera kubva ku4.3% kusvika ku0.8%. Sekureva kweNYTS, pakava nekudzikira kwechikamu chevadzidzi vekusekondari vakashuma kuputa fodya mukati memwedzi wapfuura kubva pa15.8% muna 2011 kuenda pa1.9 muzana muna 2012.
Pane zvikonzero zvekutenda kuti ENDS, pane kunonoka kudonha kwekuputa kwevechiri kuyaruka, kuwedzera chimiro ichocho, icho chakakura nekukurumidza sezvo vaping yakabata. Pasina kupokana, kuputika kuri nani kune "hutano hweveruzhinji" pane kuputa, izvo ndizvo zvinodaidzwa neFDA kukurudzira. Nekudaro, iyo agency inoipenda sekutyisidzira kwakakomba kune vechidiki vekuAmerica. Iyo FDA haitombotarise zvakanakira shanduko yakadaro kana ichibata kune vechidiki.
Zvinoenderana nekuongororwa kwe2019 kweNYTS dhata, vechiduku vangave vasvuta vemazuva ano kana kuti vekare vaiwanzoshandisa e-fodya kakawanda. Vechidiki vanovapa pachinzvimbo chekuputa account yehuwandu hwekudonha kwevachiri kuyaruka, saka zvinoita sekunge zvine musoro kuti kudzikira uku hakusati kwakonzera kukwira kwekuputa. Nekudaro, iyo FDA inofanirwa kurangarira chero matanho anoita kuti zvive nyore kutenga fodya pane ENDS kana anoita kuti ENDS isakwezve kune avo vangangoputa. Mhedzisiro yenguva refu inogona kuratidza kuwedzera kwekufa kune chekuita nekuputa pane kuderera.
Kuongorora uku kunofanirwa kusanganisa vese vakuru nevechiri kuyaruka. Nekudaro, iyo FDA inoramba ichiti kana vapers vari pasi pemakore makumi maviri nerimwe, zvakanakira hutano zvekutsiva fodya neENDS hazvishande. Saka ngatitarisei kuti nhamba dzeMTF dzinoti kudii nezve mutengo unobvira wekudzivirira vanhu vakuru kutenga zvinhu zvevaping zvavanoda zvakajeka.
An MTF report inotaura kuti "kusvuta fodya kwevechidiki kwave kuderera nguva dzose kubva muna 2004 uye kwakawedzera kuderera kwenhoroondo muna 2021." Kushandiswa kwefodya kwakadzikira zvakanyanya mumakore gumi apfuura, kubva pa21.2% muna 2011 kusvika pa9% muna 2021.
Kuderera kwekusvuta pakati pevanhu vane makore ari pakati pe19 ne30 munguva pfupi yapfuura kwakafananidzwa nekuwedzera kwevaping. Bepa rinoratidza kuti sezvo rakatanga kunyorwa muna 2017, chikamu che diki vanhu vakashuma kushandisa nicotine vape mumazuva makumi matatu apfuura yakawedzera zvakapetwa katatu, kusvika 30% muna 16.1. Maererano neongororo iyi, chikamu che diki vanhu vanotaura vachishandisa nicotine vape mumazuva makumi matatu apfuura yakawedzera zvakapetwa katatu kubvira payakatanga kuzivikanwa muna 30, ichirova 2017% muna 16.1.
Muboka rezera iri, kuwanda kwevaping kwakawedzera ne160% pakati pa2017 na2021, nepo kuwanda kwekuputa fodya kwakadzikira ne39% panguva imwe chete iyoyo. Rosenbaum's hypothesis yekuti kuwanda kwemhepo kunotungamira mukuwedzera kuputa hakutsigirwe neaya maitiro. Zvisinei, vanotsigira pfungwa yokuti vakawanda diki vanhu vakuru vanofarira kuvhaira kwete kuputa.
Iyo FDA inonzi inoda kuona zvimwe zvacho. Iyo FDA inofanirwa kutevedzera iyi chiyero pasi peiyo Kudzivirira Kusvuta Kwemhuri uye Kudzora Fodya Act. Chimiro chese chekubvumidza kutengeswa kweENDS ndechekuti ichabatsira mukuderedza kufa nefodya nehurwere nekupa vanoputa nzira yekushandisa nicotine isina ngozi. Iyo FDA, zvisinei, inotaura kuti haina kunyengetedzwa kuti kuravira kusiyanisa kwakakosha kune vanoputa vakagadzira kana kuita shanduko inoponesa hupenyu.
Zvinopesana, iyo FDA inotsigira kuti vechidiki vanokoshesa kusiyana-siyana kwezvinonaka. Inotenda kuti kana fodya iriyo chete flavour iripo, zvimwe zvacho zvinodzivirira kupfumbuka. Ongororo dzeFDA hadzitombofungi nezvemukana wekuti vamwe vechidiki vanoputa sechinzvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinodzikisira mukana wekuti vanhu vakuru vangave nenjodzi imwechete, vachiti makambani eENDS haana kupa humbowo hwakakwana hwekugona kudaro.
Iyo FDA haina kunyatso funga zvakanakira nekuipira kwayo inonzi inodzivirira vechidiki mutemo, ichityora chisungo chayo chemutemo kuita kudaro. Asi, inotadza kubvuma kuti chero mari inofanirwa kuverengerwa.
